Crítica del libro Manual de tratamientos psicológicos. Infancia y adolescencia, de Eduardo Fonseca Pedrero (Coord.). Editorial Pirámide, 864 pp., año 2021 / [Review of the book Manual de tratamientos psicológicos: infancia y adolescencia, by Eduardo Fonseca Pedrero (Coord.). Editorial Pyramid, 864 pages, year 2021]

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School-based autism evaluations in the COVID-19 era.

School psychologists play a critical role in school-based Autism (AU) evaluations. Evidence-based AU evaluations should be multimodal, include multiple informants, and assess functioning across several domains. In the current era of COVID-19, school-based AU evaluations have become increasingly complex with school psychologists having to significantly adapt face-to-face evaluation procedures and/or conduct evaluations via teleassessment approaches. This poses profound challenges for some families, many of whom are from vulnerable groups. In the current article, we outline school psychologists' traditional role in school-based AU evaluations and review best practice guidelines. We then discuss the impact of COVID-19 on these processes and provide a framework for school psychologists to use when conducting school-based AU evaluations during this unprecedented time. We also provide resources school psychologists may find useful as they conduct school-based AU evaluations during the COVID-19 pandemic. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Terapia ciega: Lo que la pandemia nos dejó

Experiencia del equipo de salud mental del Hospital Vélez Sarsfield, de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, que ante la aparición de la pandemia de Covid-19, cambió la modalidad de atención, mayormente por llamadas telefónicas a los pacientes, donde se atendió a pacientes que no el equipo no conocía, en sesiones de home office, con el celular del profesional. Esta experiencia se emparenta con una obra de teatro ciego, donde el analista es el actor de la consulta terapéutica.

Presentación de trabajo grupal: dos intentos de simbolizar lo real de la pandemia

Análisis sobre la tarea del equipo de adolescentes del Centro de Salud Mental Nº 1 y sobre cómo se reorganizó el servicio, en el dispositivo para los adolescentes y el destinado a sus padres, tanto en la terapia individual como en los espacios grupales.

More time for science: Using Testable to create and share behavioral experiments faster, recruit better participants, and engage students in hands-on research.

A major pain for researchers in all fields is that they have less and less time for actual science activities: reading, thinking, coming up with new theories and hypotheses, testing, analyzing data, writing. In psychology, three of the most time-consuming nonactual science activities are: learning how to program an experiment, recruiting participants, and preparing teaching materials. Testable (www.testable.org) provides a suite of academic tools to speed things up considerably. The Testable software allows the development of most psychology experiments in minutes, using a natural language form and a spreadsheet. Furthermore, any experiment can be easily converted into a social experiment in Testable Arena, with multiple participants interacting and viewing each other's responses. Experiments can then be published to Testable Library, a public repository for demonstration and sharing purposes. Participants can be recruited from Testable Minds, the subject pool with the most advanced participants verification system. Testable Minds employs multiple checks (such as face authentication) to ensure participants have accurate demographics (age, sex, location), are human, unique, and reliable. Finally, the Testable Class module can be used to teach psychology through experiments. It features over 50 ready-made classic psychology experiments, fully customizable, which instructors can add to their classes, together with their own experiments. These experiments can then be made available to students to do, import, modify, and use to collect data as part of their class. These Testable tools, backed up by a strong team of academic advisors and thousands of users, can save psychology researchers and other behavioral scientists valuable time for science.

Validación de un instrumento para evaluar factores psicosociales extralaborales en trabajadores venezolanos / Validation of an instrument to evaluate nonoccupational psychosocial factors in Venezuelan workers

instrumento para medir factores psicosociales extralaborales. Para la validación del cuestionario de factores psicosociales extralaborales se acudió a una muestra conformada por 907 trabajadores venezolanos, los cuales fueron seleccionados a través de un muestreo no probabilístico de tipo intencional. Fue un estudio descriptivo, no experimental, con diseño transversal. Para validar el instrumento, se acudió a expertos en el área de los factores psicosociales extralaborales para evaluar su validez de contenido, demostrando que presenta tal propiedad, luego, se efectuó un análisis de los ítems a partir de una muestra de 489 trabajadores, para determinar qué ítems contribuyen con el proceso de medición de las variables, quedando el cuestionario con 33 ítems y 8 dimensiones. Asimismo, se ejecutó un estudio de validez de constructo por medio del uso del Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio, obteniendo una estructura de 31 ítems y 9 dimensiones, posteriormente, se estimó la confiabilidad a través del coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach, en una muestra de 418 trabajadores, encontrando que, el cuestionario posee confiabilidad con coeficientes superiores a .60. Finalmente, se establecieron las normas, asignando percentiles por sub-dimensión. Con base en los resultados obtenidos, se cuenta con un instrumento estandarizado, válido y confiable(AU)

This study aimed to validate an instrument to assess nonoccupational psychosocial factors. We aimed to validate the questionnaire in a nonprobabilistic nonpurposive sample of 907 Venezuelan workers, in a cross-sectional, nonexperimental and descriptive study. Experts in the field of non-occupational psychosocial factors were consulted to assess its content validity. Next, weper formed an items analysis in a sample of 489 workers, which reduced the questionnaire to 33 items and 8 dimensions. At the same time, we examined construct validity through confirmatory factor analysis, resulting in a structure of 31 items and 9 dimensions. Reliability was measured through the Cronbach's alpha coefficient in a sample of 418 workers, resulting in a coefficient ofover 0.60. Lastly, we established guidelines and assigned percentiles to the subdimensions. Based on our results, this questionnaire of nonoccupational psychosocial factors is a standardized, valid and reliable instrument(AU)

Managing validity versus reliability trade-offs in scale-building decisions.

Scale builders strive to maximize dual priorities: validity and reliability. While the literature is full of tips for increasing one, the other, or both simultaneously, how to navigate tensions between them is less clear. Confusion shrouds the nature, prevalence, and practical implications of trade-offs between validity and reliability-formerly called paradoxes. This confusion results in most trade-offs being resolved de facto at validity's expense despite validity being de jure the higher priority. Decades-long battles against clear measurement malpractice persist because unspecified trade-offs render scale-building decisions favoring validity perennially unattractive to scale builders. In light of this confusion, the goal of this article is to make plain that the source of validity versus reliability trade-offs is systematic error that contributes to item communality. Moreover, straightforward, nontrivial trade-offs pervade the scale-building process. This article highlights common trade-offs in 6 contexts: item content, item construction, item difficulty, item scoring, item order, and item analysis. I end with 5 recommendations for managing trade-offs and out 7 "dirty tricks" often used to exploit them when nobody's looking. In short, reviewers should require scale builders to declare how validity and reliability will be prioritized and penalize those who resolve trade-offs in goal-inconsistent ways. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

The Semantic Scale Network: An online tool to detect semantic overlap of psychological scales and prevent scale redundancies.

Psychological measurement and theory are afflicted with an ongoing proliferation of new constructs and scales. Given the often redundant nature of new scales, psychological science is struggling with arbitrary measurement, construct dilution, and disconnection between research groups. To address these issues, we introduce an easy-to-use online application: the Semantic Scale Network. The purpose of this application is to automatically detect semantic overlap between scales through latent semantic analysis. Authors and reviewers can enter the items of a new scale into the application, and receive quantifications of semantic overlap with related scales in the application's corpus. Contrary to traditional assessments of scale overlap, the application can support expert judgments on scale redundancy without access to empirical data or awareness of every potentially related scale. After a brief introduction to measures of semantic similarity in texts, we introduce the Semantic Scale Network and provide best practices for interpreting its outputs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Three gaps and what they may mean for risk preference.

Risk preference is one of the most important building blocks of choice theories in the behavioural sciences. In economics, it is often conceptualized as preferences concerning the variance of monetary payoffs, whereas in psychology, risk preference is often thought to capture the propensity to engage in behaviour with the potential for loss or harm. Both concepts are associated with distinct measurement traditions: economics has traditionally relied on behavioural measures, while psychology has often relied on self-reports. We review three important gaps that have emerged from work stemming from these two measurement traditions: first, a description-experience gap which suggests that behavioural measures do not speak with one voice and can give very different views on an individual's appetite for risk; second, a behaviour-self-report gap which suggests that different self-report measures, but not behavioural measures, show a high degree of convergent validity; and, third, a temporal stability gap which suggests that self-reports, but not behavioural measures, show considerable temporal stability across periods of years. Risk preference, when measured through self-reports-but not behavioural tests-appears as a moderately stable psychological trait with both general and domain-specific components. We argue that future work needs to address the gaps that have emerged from the two measurement traditions and test their differential predictive validity for important economic, health and well-being outcomes. This article is part of the theme issue 'Risk taking and impulsive behaviour: fundamental discoveries, theoretical perspectives and clinical implications'.

Positive Technologies for Understanding and Promoting Positive Emotions.

Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have become increasingly present in our lives, and their use has spread considerably. This paper presents a review of the way ICTs can help practitioners and researchers to study, promote, and train positive emotions. It is framed within the field of Positive Technologies: the applied scientific approach to the study of the use of technology to improve the quality of personal experience, with the goal of increasing wellbeing. First, the article presents an introduction to the topic of technologies and positive emotions. Then, it describes how ICTs can aid in monitoring, assessing, promoting, modifying, and training positive emotions. Finally, implications and future directions of the role of Positive Technologies in positive emotions are discussed. The authors conclude that, in the near future, Positive Technologies and the field of positive emotions will interact synergistically, producing an exponential growth in the understanding and promotion of positive emotions.

Using Smartphones to Collect Behavioral Data in Psychological Science: Opportunities, Practical Considerations, and Challenges.

Smartphones now offer the promise of collecting behavioral data unobtrusively, in situ, as it unfolds in the course of daily life. Data can be collected from the onboard sensors and other phone logs embedded in today's off-the-shelf smartphone devices. These data permit fine-grained, continuous collection of people's social interactions (e.g., speaking rates in conversation, size of social groups, calls, and text messages), daily activities (e.g., physical activity and sleep), and mobility patterns (e.g., frequency and duration of time spent at various locations). In this article, we have drawn on the lessons from the first wave of smartphone-sensing research to highlight areas of opportunity for psychological research, present practical considerations for designing smartphone studies, and discuss the ongoing methodological and ethical challenges associated with research in this domain. It is our hope that these practical guidelines will facilitate the use of smartphones as a behavioral observation tool in psychological science.

Autoeficacia y work engagement en trabajadores de diferentes ocupaciones asistenciales / Self-efficiency and work engagement in workers of different assistance occupations

El work engagement, caracterizado por las dimensiones vigor, dedicación y absorción en el trabajo, constituye un constructo que permite describir una relación positiva entre el sujeto y su trabajo. En este estudio se pretende describir los niveles de work engagement en una muestra de 76 trabajadores asistenciales y determinar su relación con la autoeficacia, constructo que expresa la confianza de las personas en su capacidad para desarrollar una determinada tarea con éxito. De este modo se explicaría la relación entre un importante recurso personal como lo es la autoeficacia con el bienestar que un sujeto puede vivenciar en el contexto laboral, y la influencia del work engagement como posible potenciador de creencias de eficacia personal. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo-correlacional, con un diseño transversal. Los resultados mostraron que existe relación entre la autoeficacia y el work engagement, pero los valores obtenidos revelan la incidencia de otras variables de consideración. Se recomienda que estos resultados sean abundados en posteriores investigaciones(AU)

Guía metodológica para elaborar el diagnóstico fisioterapéutico según la Clasificación Internacional del Funcionamiento (CIF), de la discapacidad y de la salud / Methodological guide for preparing the physiotherapy diagnosis according to the International Classification of Functioning (CIF), disability and health

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo plantear una guía metodológica que permita a los estudiantes de la Carrera de Fisioterapia y Kinesiología unificar criterios para desarrollar los procesos diagnósticos desde el enfoque biopsicosocial, a partir de las evidencias obtenidas en la evaluación inicial y tomando como base la Clasificación Internacional del Funcionamiento, de la Discapacidad y de la Salud (CIF). La idea surge a raíz de las dificultades que se tiene en la formulación del diagnóstico fisioterapéutico, más allá del referente “enfermedad”, asumiendo una identidad propia desde su objeto de estudio como es la función - disfunción del movimiento humano. Se propone el uso de la CIF porque incorpora en su estructura categorías desde la perspectiva corporal, individual y social, los cuales tienen relación estrecha con la naturaleza y niveles de estudio de la Fisioterapia y Kinesiología. Solo así se provee un marco inicial que dinamiza la organización de datos y opiniones clínicas facilitando un sistema de clasificación de acuerdo con las funciones y estructuras corporales, las actividades corporales y la participación en las actividades de la vida diaria, así como la identificación de barreras o facilitadores en el entorno ambiental y las características individuales que forman parte del estado de salud de las personas.

This article aims to raise a methodological guide that allows students of the School of Physiotherapy and Kinesiology unify criteria to develop diagnostic processes from the biopsychosocial approach, based on the evidence obtained in the initial evaluation and based on the ranking International of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). The idea stems from the difficulties you have in the formulation of physiotherapy diagnosis, beyond the reference “disease”, assuming an identity from its subject as it is the function - dysfunction of human movement. The use of ICF is proposed that incorporates in its structure categories from body, individual and societal perspective, which are closely related to the nature and levels of study of physiotherapy and kinesiology. Only then an initial framework that streamlines the organization of data and clinical opinion facilitating a classification system according to body functions and structures, bodily activities and participation in activities of daily living, as well as identifying barriers is provided or facilitators in the ambient environment and the individual characteristics that are part of the health status of people.

Desmotivación del personal sanitario y síndrome de burnout. Control de las situaciones de tensión. La importancia del trabajo en equipo / Burnout Syndrome and Demotivation Among Health Care Personnel. Managing Stressful Situations: The Importance of Teamwork

Las personas invertimos casi un tercio de nuestra vida en el lugar de trabajo, donde se desarrollan gran parte de las relaciones interpersonales y las situaciones de tensión. El estrés laboral asociado a estas conlleva consecuencias para la salud física y mental de las personas. El estrés laboral y el síndrome del profesional quemado (burnout) son las principales consecuencias derivadas de las situaciones de tensión constantes en el trabajo. El estrés es la segunda causa de baja laboral en la Unión Europea, y alrededor de un 12% de los trabajadores europeos podría padecer actualmente el síndrome del profesional quemado. Por todo esto, es fundamental la detección en las organizaciones, grandes (hospitales y clínicas) y pequeñas (consultas), del personal desmotivado y estresado, ya que permitirá una prevención e intervención precoz en las situaciones de tensión generadas y una mejora en el funcionamiento de los equipos de trabajo

Almost one-third of our lives is spent in the workplace, where much of our interaction with others takes place and where we are exposed to stressful situations. Work-related stress has consequences for the individual's physical and mental health. Stress and professional burnout syndrome are the main consequences of work situations characterized by a constant state of tension. Stress is the second leading cause of absenteeism in the European Union, and around 12% of European workers are currently affected by burnout syndrome. It is therefore vital to identify demotivated and stressed staff in both large organizations (hospitals and clinics) and smaller centers (private practices) so as to facilitate preventive measures and ensure early intervention in situations of stress, with a view to improving the performance of work teams

Inverting the pyramid of needs: positive psychology's new order for labor success / Invirtiendo la pirámide de las necesidades: la psicología positiva y la nueva lógica del éxito laboral

ANTECEDENTS: Positive psychologists claim to have demonstrated a causal relationship between happiness and life success, with the former accounting for why people usually end up better off in life than others, especially at workplace. METHOD: In this paper we will analyse the role that happiness-based repertoires and techniques provided by positive psychologists are playing in the current labor sphere. RESULTS: Positive psychologists' repertoires and techniques do not only meet the emerging demands derived from the changes in the notions of «work» and «worker» in the last decades, but also introduce a whole new logic in the construction of professional workers' subjectivity, according to which happiness becomes a necessary psychological state that workers must first achieve and develop in order to attain job success at work. DISCUSSION: This emerging logic does not only circumscribe to the labor sphere, but also reflects a broader cultural and economic phenomenon

ANTECEDENTES: los psicólogos positivos defienden haber demostrado una relación causal entre la felicidad y el éxito en la vida, siendo la primera la razón de por qué hay gente a la que le va mejor que a otra, especialmente en el ámbito del trabajo. MÉTODO: analizamos el papel que juegan los repertorios y las técnicas de la felicidad de los psicólogos positivos en el ámbito laboral actual. RESULTADOS: los repertorios y técnicas de los psicólogos positivos no solamente satisfacen las nuevas demandas laborales surgidas en las últimas décadas a raíz de las transformaciones en las nociones de «trabajo» y «trabajador», sino que también introducen una lógica completamente nueva de la construcción de la subjetividad de los trabajadores, de acuerdo con la cual la felicidad deviene en un estado psicológico necesario que todo trabajador debe alcanzar y desarrollar con el fin de tener éxito. DISCUSIÓN: esta lógica emergente, sin embargo, no se circunscribe únicamente al mundo laboral, sino que es síntoma de un fenómeno económico y cultural más amplio

Núcleos y ámbitos de investigación sobre adicciones: necesidad de una visión más amplia / Core research areas on addiction: the need for a broader view

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Flow y rendimiento en corredores de maratón / Flow and performance in Marathon runners / Flow e desempenho na maratona

Flow is an intensely positive and pleasant subjective state that has been linked to superior performance compared to ordinal performance, due to its dimensions and features (e.g., a balance between perceived task challenges and one’s own skills for the required action, clear goals, full concentration, elevated perceived control on performance, etc.). Research has shown that it occurs in different contexts and activities, including sports. In a two-fold aim, we sought to explore whether marathon runners with different levels of expertise experienced flow states, and the characteristics of this phenomenon in this athletic population; as well as to find out whether flow experiences were different in three sport conditions: practice sessions and competitions in general, the best race remembered by the athlete, and their last race. We further explored the possible relationship between flow states and the expected and achieved times in the last and the best races. A total of 170 males who were marathon runners participating in the Seville Marathon 2010 voluntarily collaborated in this study. Participants completed the Brief Flow Scale (EBF, Godoy-Izquierdo, Vélez, Rodríguez y Ramírez, 2009) before and after the marathon race. Participants reported experiencing flow states in the three athletic activities explored, but interindividual differences were found regarding the frequency and depth of such experiences. There were also differences between the runners regarding the dimensions of the phenomenon. Participants reported experiencing deeper, more intense and frequent episodes of flow in their best and last marathons in comparison to practice sessions and races in general. In addition, runners reporting deeper or more frequent flow episodes also expected and achieved better times. Concluding, flow is frequently experienced by marathon runners, particularly in their best performances, even when marathon running is a highly demanding sport modality. Establishing personal and contextual conditions leading to flow states will help us in designing psychological interventions aimed at increasing athletes’ skills to achieve intense states of flow, which in turn might improve their performance and success

El flow es un estado subjetivo intensamente positivo y placentero que, por sus dimensiones y características (e.g., equilibrio entre las demandas percibidas de la tarea y las habilidades personales para la acción requerida, objetivos claros, máxima concentración, elevado control percibido sobre la ejecución, etc.), se asocia a un rendimiento superior en comparación con las actuaciones normales. La literatura señala que se puede experimentar en diferentes contextos y actividades, incluido el deporte. El objetivo de este estudio fue doble: Por un lado, quisimos comprobar si maratonianos de distinto nivel de rendimiento experimentan flow y las características de este fenómeno en este colectivo de deportistas, así como conocer si las experiencias de flow eran diferentes en tres situaciones deportivas: Entrenamientos y carreras en general, la mejor carrera recordada y la última carrera; por otro lado, quisimos explorar la posible relación entre las experiencias de flow y las marcas esperadas y conseguidas por los corredores en las carreras mejor y última. Colaboraron voluntariamente en este estudio 170 maratonianos que corrieron el Maratón de Sevilla 2010, los cuales completaron la Escala Breve de Flow (Godoy-Izquierdo, Vélez, Rodríguez y Ramírez, 2009) antes y después de participar en dicha carrera. Los participantes refirieron experimentar estados de flow en las tres situaciones deportivas exploradas, aunque se encontraron diferencias interindividuales respecto a la frecuencia y profundidad de este estado, así como en la experimentación de las distintas dimensiones del fenómeno. Los participantes informaron experimentar episodios de flow más profundos, intensos y frecuentes en la mejor competición recordada y en el último maratón en comparación con los entrenamientos y las carreras en general. Además, los corredores con más experiencias de flow esperaron y obtuvieron mejores marcas. Como conclusión, el flow es un estado experimentado con frecuencia, particularmente en las mejores carreras, por atletas de una especialidad tan exigente como el maratón. Saber qué condiciones personales y contextuales llevan al flow ayudaría a diseñar intervenciones psicológicas destinadas al incremento de las habilidades que permiten a los atletas alcanzar estados intensos de flow, lo que a su vez podría mejorar su ejecución y resultados

O flow é um estado subjetivo intensamente positivo e agradável, que, devido às suas dimensões e características (por exemplo, equilíbrioentre as demandas percebidas de as tarefas e as competências pessoais necessárias para a ação, objetivos claros, máxima concentração, elevada percepçãode controle sobre a execução, etc.), tem sido associado com um desempenho superior em comparação com o desempenho normal. A literatura mostraque pode ser experimentado em diferentes contextos e atividades, incluindo esportes. O objetivo deste estudo foi duplo: Por um lado, queríamos ver semaratonistas com diferentes níveis de desempenho experimentam diferentes níveis de flow e as características desse fenômeno neste grupo de atletas,bem como saber se as experiências de flow foram diferentes em três situações desportivas: Os treinos e competições em geral, a melhor corrida lembradapelo atleta, e sua última corrida; por outro lado, quisemos explorar a possível relação entre as experiências de flow e as marcas esperadas e obtidas porcorredores em as corridas melhor e última. Voluntariamente colaboraram neste estudo 170 maratonistas que correram a Maratona de Sevilha 2010, quemresponderam a Escala Breve de Flow (Godoy-Izquierdo, Vélez, Rodríguez e Ramírez, 2009) antes e depois de participar na corrida. Os participantes re-lataram experimentar estados de flow nas três situações atléticas exploradas, embora diferenças interindividuais foram encontradas em relação à frequênciae profundidade de tais experiências, e também em várias dimensões do fenômeno. Os participantes relataram ter episódios de flow mais profundo,intenso e freqüente na melhor competição lembrada e na última maratona em comparação com o treinamento e corridas em geral. Além disso, os corre-dores com experiências de flow mais profundas ou mais frequentes esperaram e tem melhores marcas. Em conclusão, o flow é freqüentemente experi-mentado por atletas de uma especialidade tão exigente como maratona, principalmente em suas melhores corridas. Estabelecer as condições pessoais econtextuais que pode levar ao flow nos permite projetar intervenções psicológicas para aumentar as habilidades que ajudam os atletas a alcançar estadosintensos de flow, que por sua vez poderiam melhorar o seu desempenho e resultados

Sustained attention in mice: expanding the translational utility of the SAT by incorporating the Michigan Controlled Access Response Port (MICARP).

Advances in mouse genetic technology have spurred increasing interest in the development of cognitive tasks for mice. Here, we describe and discuss the modifications necessary to adapt a task for the assessment of sustained attention performance for use in mice, including for taxing the top-down control of such performance. The validity of the Sustained Attention Task (SAT), including the distractor version (dSAT), has previously been demonstrated in rats and humans. This task requires moveable or retractable operanda; insertion of operanda into the operant chambers cues animals to respond to a prior signal or non-signal event, reporting either a hit or a miss, or a correct rejection or false alarm, respectively. Retractable levers did not support sufficiently high and stable levels of performance in mice. Given the widespread use of static nose-poke devices for testing operant performance in mice, we therefore designed and fabricated a retractable nose-poke device. As this device extends into chambers, a hole for nose-poking is slowly opened and closed again as the device retracts (termed the "Michigan Controlled Access Response Port", MICARP). Results describe the effects of variation of signal duration and event rate, trial outcome and trial type probability, effects of mice deprivation levels, and the reliability of SAT and dSAT performance. Mice perform the SAT and dSAT at levels comparable to those observed in rats. This task will be of assistance in expanding the translational usefulness of the SAT and dSAT.

Informe de las manifestaciones psicológicas observadas en sobrevivientes de violencia sexual atendidos durante el año 2009, en el área de psicología de la clínica de enfermedades infecciosas del hospital roosevelt. datos estadísticos y mapeo geográfico de áreas de mayor prevalencia / Report psychological manifestations observed in survivors of sexual violence treated in 2009, in the area of psychology infectious disease clinic at roosevelt hospital. statistical data mapping and geographic areas with the highest prevalence

Cuando se habla de violencia sexual, está implícito el uso de poder, entendiendo este como como una relación de fuerzas diversas que pueden o no ser represivas, que influyen y definen la conducción de las relaciones entre dos o más personas. Las fuerzas que influyen en estas relaciones son determinadas por el lugar social que se ocupa según el género (masculino o femenino). Las personas violentadas sexualmente, están expuestas a serios daños para la salud física, situaciones que hacen más vulnerables a las mujeres (riesgo de embarazo, ITS incluyendo VIH/SIDA) y a la salud mental (daño emocional/comportamental)...

The fish stick: an easy-to-use classroom training apparatus for fish.

The fish stick is an easy-to-use device for conditioning fish under classroom conditions. It is constructed from inexpensive plastic pipe available at most hardware stores and uses electronic components available at retail electronics outlets. Fish press a nipple for baby food which can be brought under stimulus control using lights, vibratory cues, or both. The fish stick is suitable for inquiry-based experiences in courses on the psychology of learning or comparative psychology. Data are presented using a continuous reinforcement schedule and discrimination learning. Students report that the fish are easy to train and enjoy the hands-on experience.